Analysis of factors associated with peritoneal dialysis catheter dysfunction in Veracruz, Mexico

Introduction: Given the high rate of peritoneal dialysis catheter dysfunction in Mexico, it is necessary to identify factors related to the population, surgical technique, or even the dialysis procedure itself that predispose to dysfunction and an increase in morbidity and mortality.

Objective: To identify factors associated with a higher rate of Tenckhoff catheter dysfunction.

Method: A retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study was conducted, including patients with end-stage renal disease who had a peritoneal dialysis catheter placed between 2018 and 2023 at HE UMAE No. 14 IMSS. Factors with the greatest association to Tenckhoff catheter dysfunction were identified. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with contingency tables to calculate odds ratios (OR) with a 95% confidence interval.

Results: In 469 patients, 42% presented dysfunction. The main etiology of dysfunction was peritonitis. Associated risk factors were previous surgery in 64%, previous catheter in 23%, migration in 9%, omentectomy in 20% (OR; p < 0.000). Within the surgical aspects, a longer surgery time was related to greater dysfunction (minutes 38.4 ± 12.5; p < 0.003). Regarding general aspects of the patients, overweight and obesity were associated with a higher frequency of dysfunction (p < 0.013).

Conclusions: Catheter dysfunction showed a high prevalence, with significant risk factors including surgery duration, overweight, grade I obesity, as well as the history of previous surgery, previous catheter and omentectomy, highlighting a need for the application of a standardized surgical technique.