Relationship between overweight, obesity and kidney disease in the population of Tlaxcala, 2024

Introduction: Obesity, recognized by the World Health Organization as a chronic and multifactorial disease, is related to chronic kidney disease (CKD) through mechanisms such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes, both important risk factors, generally associated with metabolic syndrome and chronic inflammation, that constitute initiation and progression factors of kidney damage. In Mexico, it affects 1 in 3 adults and causes 10.8% of global deaths. In Tlaxcala it is among the 20 main causes of illness that affects people between 25 and 44 years old. Early detection and intervention are crucial to prevent the progression of CKD, which is considered a silent disease.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in patients with indicators of CKD in the state of Tlaxcala, Mexico.

Material and methods: Diagnostic tests were performed on 527 participants, including clinical history, anthropometric data, pathological and family history. Samples were collected to measure levels of microalbuminuria, glycated hemoglobin and creatinine, in order to calculate the glomerular filtration rate.

Results: 463 participants were included, 36.93% were overweight and 26.78% obese, with a higher prevalence in females (21% and 17.1%). The average of body mass index was 26.94, the risk of chronic diseases predominated in women by 72.8%, based on waist circumference, as well as the risk of cardiovascular, metabolic, and chronic diseases by 60.1%.

Conclusions: These results highlight the need for early intervention and management of overweight and obesity, especially in women, through educational programs, physical activity, medical monitoring and public health policies to reduce the risk of renal and metabolic complications.