C3 glomerulopathy with stable clinical course at 5 years: case report and literature review

C3 glomerulopathy is a rare disease caused by dysfunction of the alternative complement pathway, characterized by dominant C3 deposits and an unfavorable prognosis. We present the case of a young man who presented with foamy urine and intermittent elevations of blood pressure and was diagnosed through a kidney biopsy consistent with C3 glomerulopathy. Atypically, he has maintained preserved renal function and subnephrotic proteinuria for more than 5 years, without the need for immunosuppressive therapy or complement-targeted treatments. This case highlights the clinical variability of the disease and the importance of individualizing follow-up and therapeutic decisions.